A Study of Different Views of Islamic Philosophers in Critique and Reform of the Peripatetic Hylomorphism

Document Type : Scholarly Article

Authors

1 Associate professor of the department of Philosophy, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D student in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This article aims to review the theory of peripatetic hylomorphism and its foundations in the face of new physical perspectives (theory of Atom). For this purpose, two competing views of this theory in the history of Islamic philosophy, that is, the theory attributed to the Stoics (by Abolbarakat and Suhrawardi) and Atomism in its philosophical (small solid objects) and theology interpretations (a substance that cannot be further broken down), have been studied. Then, the approach of contemporary thinkers towards the theory of hylomorphism is examined. Furthermore, it has been shown that their views can be divided into three groups. Two groups of them have rejected the theory of hylomorphism. Furthermore, each of them has somehow supported one of its historically rival theories. Mohyeddin Elahi Ghomshei and Hassanzadeh Amoli have become interested in Atomism, and Mesbah Yazdi and Fayyazi have tended to the theory attributed to the Stoics. Others such as Fazel Touni and Allameh Tabataba’i have tried to somehow reconcile this theory with the theory of small solid objects and a new perspective on physics. Nevertheless, some of the foundations of hylomorphism theory face various philosophical and empirical challenges. Such as knowing that the body is connected, the body parts are not present, and that the prime matter (Hyle) still exists.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Ebrahimi Dinani, GholamHoseyn (1380), Ghava’ed Kolli Dar Falsafeye Eslami, Tehran, Pajhoheshghahe ’olom ensani va motale’at farhangi.
  2. Ibn Roushd, Mohamad ibn Ahmad (1380), Talkhis Maba’d al-tabi’a, Edited by: Osman Amin, Tehran, Hekmat.
  3. _________ (2002), Tahafot al-Tahafot, Edited by: Salah al-Din al-Havari, Beyrout, al-Maktabah al-’asryah.
  4. Ibn Sina, Hoseyn ibn ’abdollah (1405), al-Ta’lighat, Edited by: ’abd al-Rahman Badavi, Beyrout, Maktabah al-a’lam al-eslami.
  5. _________ (1375), al-Esharat va al-Tanbihat, with commentary of: Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tousi, Qom, Nashr al-Balagheh.
  6. _________ (1383), al-Elayiat Daneshnameh ’alaei, Edited by: Mohamad Mo’in, Hamedan, Bou’ali University.
  7. _________ (1404a), al-Shefa (Elahyiat), Edited by: Ebrahim Bayoumi Madkour, Qom, Ayat allah Mar’ashi Najafi library.
  8. _________ (1404b), al-Shefa (Taby’iat), Edited by: Ebrahim Bayoumi Madkour, Qom, Ayat allah Mar’ashi Najafi library.
  9. _________ (1379), al-Nejat Men al-Ghargh fi Bahr al-Zelalat, Edited by: MohamadTaghi DaneshPajhouh, Tehran, University of Tehran.
  10. Ibn Kammouneh, Sa’d ibn Mansour (1387), Sharh al-Talvihat al-Lohiah va al-Arshiah, Edited by: NajafGholi Habibi, Tehran, Miras Maktoub.
  11. Aboulbarakat, Hebat allah (1373), al-Mo’tabar fi al-Hekmah, Esfahan, Esfahan University.
  12. Ekhvan al-Safa (1957), Rasael Ekhvan al-Safa va Khallan al-Vafa, Beyrout, Dar Sader.
  13. Azkaee, Parviz (1384), Hakim Razi, Tehran, Tarheno.
  14. Ardakani, Ahmad ibn Mohamad Hoseyni (1375), Merat al-Akvan (Tahrir sharh hedayeh mollasadraye shirazi), Edited by: ’abdollah Norani, Tehran, Miras Maktoub.
  15. Arastoo (1385), Maba’daltabi’a (Metaphysics), Translated by: Mohamad Hasan Lotfi, Tehran, Tarheno.
  16. Elahi Ghomshee, Mohyeddin Mahdi (1363), Hekmat Elahee (’am va Khas), Tehran, Eslami publisher.
  17. Anvari, Saeed (spring & summer 1395a), “Tafavot Hey’at dar Hekmat Eshragh ba ’araz dar Hekmat Masha”, Shenakht, No: 74, P. 23-38.
  18. ___________ (atumn & winter 1395b), “Negaresh Falsafi ’allameh Tabataba’i va Ostad Motahari be do Ghanoun Fiziki (Ghanon Aval Nyoton va Ghanoun Baghaye Made va Enerjhi”, Andisheye ’allameh Tabataba’i, Year: 7, No: 5, P. 7-30.
  19. Ohanian, Hans si (1372), Phyzik Nowin, Translated by: Jalal al-Din Pashaee Rad and Bahram Mo’lemi, Tehran, Mad publisher.
  20. Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzban (1375), al-Tahsil, Edited by: Morteza Motahari, Tehran, Tehran University Publisher.
  21. Tarabaran, Zahra and ’abas Javareshkian (atumn & winter 1392), “Chisti va Hasti Madeh”, Motale’at Eslami: Falsafeh va Kalam, Year: 45, No: 91, P. 31-56.
  22. Teylor, Keristofer Charlz Visten (1390), Tarikh Falsafeye Ratlej (Vol 1: Az Aghaz ta Aflatoun), Translate: Hasan Mortazavi, Tehran, Nashr Cheshmeh.
  23. Hasanzadehye Amoli, Hasan (1393), Dorous Sharh Esharat va al-Tanbyhat, Namat Aval (physics), Qom, Ayat Eshragh.
  24. ________________________ (1379a), Ta’lighe bar Sharh al-Manzoumehye Sabzevari, Edited by: Mas’oud Talebi, Tehran, Nashre Nab.
  25. ________________________ (1379b), Hezar va Yek Kalameh, Qom, Boustane Ketab.
  26. Hoseyni, Davoud and Reza Darghahifar (atumn & winter 1399), “Tarkib Etehadi az manzare Sadroddin Dashtaki”, Javidan Kherad, No: 38, P. 123-149.
  27. Helli, Hasan ibn Yousof (1387), al-Asrar al-Khafiyyah fi al-’oloum al-Aghliyah, Edited by: Markaz Ehya al-Toras al-Eslami, Qom, Boustan Ketab.
  28. ___________________ (1417), Kashf al-Morad fi Sharh Tajrid al-e’teghad, Edited by: Hasan Hasanzadeh Amoli, Qom, Moaseseh al-Nashr al-Eslami.
  29. Dashtaki, Ghyas al-Din Mansour (1386), Mosanafat Gheyas al-Din Mansour Hoseyni Dashtaki Shirazi, Edited by: ’abdollah Nourani, Tehran, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi and Tehran University.
  30. Rizi, Esma’il ibn Mohammad (1377), Hayat al-Nofous (Falsafeye Eshragh in Persian), Edited by: Mohammad Taghi Daneshpajhouh, Tehran, Moghoufat Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Publisher.
  31. Zare’i, Zohreh and Amir Shirzad (spring & summer 1396), “Barresi Enteghadat Mollasadra bar Sohravardi dar Bahse Haghighate Jesm”, Pajhohesh-haye Hastishenakhti, Year: 6, No: 11, P. 85-106.
  32. Sabzevari, Mollahadi (1379), Sharh al-Manzoumeh, Edited by: Mas’oud Talebi, Tehran, Nashre Nab.
  33. Sa’adat Mostafavi, Seyed Hasan (1395), Tabi’yat (Sharhe Namat Aval az Ketab al-Esharat va al-Tanbihat), by: Majid Shams Abadi and Omid Arjmand, Tehran, Emam Sadegh University.
  34. Solymani, Fatemeh (spring & summer 1386), “Madeh az Neghah Fizik va Falsafeh”, Meshkat al-Nour (Hekmat Sinavi), No: 36-37, P. 20-55.
  35. Souri, Rouh Allah (atumn & winter 1396), “Naghd va Barresi Didghah Masha Mabni bar Besatate Jesm az Ajzaye Belfe’l ba Ta’kid bar Didghah ’allameh Hasanzadeh, Nasime Kherad, Year: 3, No: 5, P. 67-86.
  36. Suhrawardi, Sheykh Shahab al-Din (1375a), al-Talvihat al-lohiyyah va al-Arshiyyah, Majmou’e Mosanafat Sheykhe Eshragh, Vol:1, Edited by: Hanry Korban, Tehran, Pajhouheshgah ’oloum Ensani va Motale’at Farhanghi.
  37. _______________________________ (1375b), Hekmat al-Eshragh, Majmou’e Mosanafat Sheykhe Eshragh, Vol:2, Edited by: Hanry Korban, Tehran, Pajhouheshgah ’oloum Ensani va Motale’at Farhanghi.
  38. _______________________________ (1375c), al-Masha’er va al-motarehat, Majmou’e Mosanafat Sheykhe Eshragh, Vol:1, Edited by: Hanry Korban, Tehran, Pajhouheshgah ’oloum Ensani va Motale’at Farhanghi.
  39. Shahnazari, Ja’far and Hasan ’azizi (summer 1391), “Barresi va Tahlil Mahiyat Jesm az Didigah Masha va Eshragh”, Pajhouhesh-haye Ma’refat Shenakhti, Series: 1, No: 2, P. 137-152.
  40. Sha’rani, Mirza abou al-Hasan (1386), Falsafeye Oola ya Maba’daltabi’e, part of the book: Zendeginame va Khadamat ’elmi va Farhangi ’alameh Mirza abou al-Hasan Sha’rani, Tehran, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi.
  41. Shahrzouri, Sham al-Din Mohamad (1383), Rasael a-Shajarah al-Elahiyah fi ’oloum al-Haghaegh al-Rabaniyah, Edited by: Najafgholi Habibi, Tehran, Moaseseye Pajhouheshi Hekmat va Falsafehye Iran.
  42. Shahidi, Saeedeh Sadat (spring & summer 1384), “Mahiyat Jesm az Didghahe Falasefeye Younani va Mosalman”, Meshkat al-Nour (Hekmate Sinavi), Year: 9, No: 28 & 29, P. 57-74.
  43. Shirazi, Ghotb al-Din (1383), Sharh Hekmat al-Eshragh, Edited by: ’abdollah Nourani and Mehdi Mohaghegh, Tehran, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhanghi.
  44. Taheri, Eshagh (spring & summer 1384), “Nazariyeh Zarre (Farayande Sheklgiri, Amouzeha va Ghovat Aan), Andishehaye Falsafi (Falsafeye Din), Year: 1, No: 2, P. 117-134.
  45. Tabataba’i, Mohammad Hoseyn (1371), Osoul Falsafeh va Ravesh realism, majmou’e Asar Ostad Motahari, Vol: 6, Tehran, Sadra.
  46. __________________________ (1397), Bedayat al-Hekmah, Qom, al-Matba’a al-Elmiyah.
  47. __________________________ (1362), Nahayat al-Hekmah, Qom, Moasesah al-Nashr al-Eslami.
  48. Tousi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din (1375), Sharh al-Esharat va al-Tanbihat, Qom, Nashr al-Belaghah.
  49. ’obodiyat, ’abd al-rasoul (1394), Daramadi be Nezam Hekmat Sadraee, Tehran, Samt.
  50. ____________________ ( 1387), Falsafeyeh Moghadamati (Bargherefteh az Asar Ostad Shahid Morteza Motahari), Tehran, Samt.
  51. ’aligholi ibn Gharchaghay Khan (1377), Ehyaye Hekmat, Edited by: Fatemeh Fana, Tehran, Miras Maktoub.
  52. Ghafari, Hoseyn and Mohammad Mehdi Kamali (spring & summer 1397), “Ta’amoli dar Tabyeen Fylsofan Eslami az Talazom beyn Madeh va Sourat”, Ta’amolat Falsafi Zanjan, Year: 8, No: 20, P. 11-40.
  53. Fazel Touni, Mohamad Hoseyn (1390), Hekmat Ghadim, Majmo’eh Rasael ’erfani va Falsafi, Qom, Ayat Eshragh.
  54. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1411), al-Mabahes al-Mashreghiyah fi ’elm al-Elahiyat va al-Tabi’yat, Qom, Bidar publisher.
  55. ________________ (1407), al-Mataleb al-’aliyah, Edited by: Hejazi Sagha, Beyrout, Dar al-Ketab al-Arabi.
  56. Fayazi, Gholam Reza and Ahmad Heydarpour (atumn & winter 1395), “Hayoulaye Falsafi dar Chalesh Manteghi”, Nasime Kherad, Year: 2, No: 2, Series: 3, P. 53-72.
  57. Ghorbani, Rahim (spring 1383), “Pajoheshi Darbareye Haghighat va Mahyat Enerjhi”, Ghabasat, No: 30 &31, P. 293-329.
  58. Kapeleston, Feredrik Charlz (1396), Tarikh Falsafeh (Vol 1: Younan va Rom), Tehran, Elmi va Farhanghi publisher.
  59. Katebi Ghazvini, Ali ibn ’omar (1353), Hekmat al-’eyn va Sharheh, Edited by: Jafar Zahedi, Mashhad, Ferdousi university publisher.
  60. Kazemizadeh, Fatemeh (Mordad va Shahrivar 1376), “Mahiyat Jesm Tabi’e”, Meshkat al-nour (Hekmate Sinavi), No: 1, P. 32-38.
  61. Kerin, Kent S (1379), Phyzik Jadid, Translate by Manijh Rahbar and Bahram Mo’alemi, Tehran, Markaz Nashr Daneshghahi.
  62. Kamali, Mohammad Mehdi and Mohammad Hasan Kamali (atumn 1398), “Barresi va Naghd Barahin Filsofan Eslami bar Ebtal Mazhab Zarregheraee”, Ma’refat Falsafi, Year: 17. No: 1, Series: 65, P. 65-80.
  63. Laertyus, Diyognes (1387), Filsoufan Younan, Translate by: Behrad Rahmani, Tehran, Nashr Markaz.
  64. Lahiji, ’abd al-razagh (1426), Shavaregh al-Elham fi Sharh Tajrid al-Kalam, Edited by: Akbar Asad ’alizadeh, Qom, Moaseseh al-Emam al-Sadegh.
  65. _________________ (1383), Gohar Morad, Tehran, Nashr Sayeh.
  66. Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi (1396), Amouzeshe Falsafeh, Tehran, Sazman Tablighat Eslami.
  67. _________________ (1363a), Ta’lighat bar Nahayeh al-Hekmah, Tehran, al-Zahra.
  68. _________________ (1363b), Dorous Falsafeh (Taghriri Feshordeh az Darshaye Moaseseye dar Rahe Hagh), Tehran, Moaseseye Motale’at va Tahghighat Eslami.
  69. _________________ (1386), Sharh Elahiyat Shefa, by: ’abd al-javad Ebrahimifar, Qom, Moaseseye Amozeshi va Pajhoheshye Emam Khomeini.
  70. Motahari, Morteza (1371a), Ta’lighe bar Osoul Falsafeh va Ravesh Realism, Majmo’e Asar, Vol: 6, Tehran, Sadra.
  71. _______________ (1368), Pavaraghi bar Osoul Falsafeh va Ravesh Realism, Vol: 4, Tehran, Sadra.
  72. _______________ (1374), Tohid, Majmo’e Asar, Vol: 4, Tehran, Sadra.
  73. _______________ (1380), Darshaye Elahiyat Shefa, Majmo’e Asar, Vol: 8, Tehran, Sadra.
  74. _______________ (1372), Darshaye Nejat, Majmo’e Asar, Vol: 7, Tehran, Sadra.
  75. _______________ (1371b), Sharhe Mokhtasar Manzoumeh, Majmo’e Asar, Vol: 5, Tehran, Sadra.
  76. Mulla sadra, Mohammad ibn Ebrahim (1981), al-Hyikmat al-Mote’aliah fi al-Asfar al-Arba’a al-Aghlyiah, Beyrout, Dar al-Ehya al-Toras.
  77. Mirdamad, Mohammad Bagher (1381), al-Eemazat, Mosanafat Mirdamad, Vol: 1, Edited by: ’abdollah Nourani, Tehran, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi.
  78. Naji Esfahani, Hamed and Naser Ghasemi (atumn & winter 1395), “Moghayeseye beyn Johar Fard az nazare Motekalleman Eslami va Zarrat Bonyadin dar Fizik Nowin”, Pajhohesh-haye ’elm va Din, Year: 7, No: 2, P. 97-116.
  79. Naser Khosrou Ghobadiani (1384), Zad al-Mosafer, Edited by: Seyed Mohamad ’emadi Haeri, Tehran, Miras Maktoub.
  80. Nabavian, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi (1396), Jostarhayee dar Falsafeye Eslami (Moshtamel bar Araye Ekhtesasi Ayat allah Fayyazi), Qom, Majma’ ’ali Hekmat.
  81. Negari, Ahmad (1395), Dastour al-’olama (Jame’ al-’oloum fi Estelahat al-Fonoun), Beyrout, Moasesah al-A’lami lelmatbou’at.
  82. Vaydner, Richard and Rabert Selez (1380), Mabani Fyzik Novin, Translate by: ’ali Akbar Babaee and Mahdi Safa, Tehran, Markaz Nashr Daneshghahi.
  83. Volfson, Heri Ostrin (1368), Falsafeye ’elme Kalam, Translated by: Ahmad Aram, Tehran, al-Hoda.
  84. Halidey, Reznik (1377), Fyzik Payeh, Translated by: Ne’mat allah Golestanian and Mahmoud Bahar, Tehran, Markaz Nashr Daneshghahi.

The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, (1994), Volume 6, Micropaedia, 15th edition.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics